"10Base-T1S and Service-Oriented Architecture Can Revolutionize Future Automotive Networks"

Vector Korea (CEO Ji-Hwan Jang), a global vehicle software solutions company, held 'Vector TechDay Korea 2025' at the Conrad Hotel in Yeouido, Seoul on the 26th.

At the event, Kai Jansen, Vector Field Application Engineer, presented on the topic, 'The “All-Ethernet Vehicle” - Vision or Soon to Be Reality?'

Kai Jansen, Vector FAE, began his presentation by explaining the current in-vehicle network structure.

Existing automobiles have traditionally used 100Base-T1 Ethernet as a backbone, and connected multiple domains such as CAN, FlexRay, and LIN as gateways.

Such gateways are essential for data conversion between languages (protocols), but they also require significant cost and development resources.
/> With the addition of external interfaces such as Car2X and OBD ports, the network structure has become more complex.

"Until now, we've used separate cables and gateways for each domain. This has been a significant burden in terms of system understanding and development costs," he noted.

Later, Kai Jansen Vector FAE proposed 10Base-T1S (10Mbps PHY, Short-reach, Serial) technology as an alternative.

10Base-T1S can communicate over distances of up to 25 m through a two-strand twisted pair cable, and can connect multiple nodes in a serial bus format without a separate switch or gateway.

This is said to reduce the PHY chips required for both switch hardware and cables by more than 50%.

Kai Jansen, Vector FAE, said, “The speed is 10 Mbps, which is lower than the existing 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps, but it is sufficient for most control data transmission within the vehicle. “The key is to reduce overall system complexity by reducing cable, PHY, and switch costs,” he emphasized.

However, it was revealed that there are current limitations such as a maximum connection length of 25m and a maximum of 80 nodes, and that the possibility of expanding to 40m and 100 nodes in the future is being reviewed.

The second agenda was service-oriented architecture.

Traditional message-based communication (broadcast method) is a structure in which a sender and receiver broadcast messages on a bus, and each receiver selects and receives the information it needs.

On the other hand, in a service-oriented approach, service providers and consumers connect and perform topic-based communication.

Kai Jansen Vector FAE states that “at the time of service connection, the provider and consumer negotiate and set QoS. “After that, the data is transmitted only to subscribers, which is efficient,” he explained.

He highlighted two advantages of DDS by comparing SOME/IP (Scalable service-oriented Middleware over IP), which is mainly used in Europe, with DDS (Data Distribution Service), which is attracting attention in Asia, especially Korea and China.

First, DDS describes the system through an Interface Definition Language (IDL) file, which can be easily edited by converting it to BCDL or XML-based Variant Configuration Description Language (VCDL).

On the other hand, SOME/IP has limitations in that the AUTOSAR XML database is complex, making it difficult to read and edit without specialized tools.

Second, DDS provides basic support for various QoS (reliability, history management, retransmission models, etc.) at the protocol level.

For example, features such as automatic retransmission in case of packet loss and history retention for late-join nodes can be utilized simply by configuring them without writing application code.

“Our Vector product line already supports both SOME/IP and DDS,” said Kai Jansen, Vector FAE. “We will help users easily design, analyze, and simulate networks in line with the paradigm shift in the automotive industry.”

He also said, “10Base-T1S and service-oriented architecture are the keys to simultaneously solving the pressing issues of automotive networking: cost reduction and system simplification.”